Mourning President James Garfield
Posted February 5, 2026
Topics: Presidents & PoliticsMuseum Collections

Memorial Service of James Garfield Print, 1882 | Courtesy of the Library of Congress

By Benjamin Baughman, History Curator

A former canal worker, college professor, and Civil War general, Ohio congressman James A. Garfield was relatively unknown when he received the Republican nomination for president in 1880.  Despite his national obscurity, the Cuyahoga County, Ohio, native managed to win that year’s presidential election, securing 214 electoral votes to his Democrat opponent Winfield Scott Hancock’s 155.  Tragically, after serving only four months in office, President Garfield was shot by a deranged political office-seeker and, ultimately, died from this wound on September 19, 1881.

 

As the nation mourned, many Americans showed their admiration for Garfield by draping their homes in black or by wearing mourning ribbons on their clothing.  On September 26, 1881, thousands attended memorial services in cities across the nation after newly sworn-in President Chester A. Arthur declared a national day of “humiliation and mourning.”  At the same time, artisan manufacturers produced commemorative pieces as a means of honoring the fallen president.  These “mourning goods” quickly grew in high demand and led to Garfield’s image appearing on everything from glassware, to pottery, to lithographic prints.  The Ohio History Connection possesses several examples of these Garfield-related mourning pieces, many of which have ties to Ohio.

Rookwood Pitcher, 1881

Perhaps the finest example of this type of “mourning good” is this Rookwood Pottery pitcher.  Featuring a bust of President Garfield on one side and an eagle on the other, this ceramic art pitcher was produced by Cincinnati’s Rookwood Pottery in 1881 and is attributed to Cincinnati artist Ferdinand Mersman.  Founded by artist Maria Longworth Nichols in 1880, Rookwood Pottery produced only one hundred of these pitchers in the months following Garfield’s death and would go on to become one of the country’s largest and most successful art potteries.

Garfield Mourning Ribbon, 1881

Burford Brothers Plate, 1881

On the other side of the state, the Burford Brothers produced similar items in their pottery studio in East Liverpool, Ohio.  Founded by brothers Oliver, Robert, and George Burford, Burford Brothers Pottery formed in 1879 and was known for producing ironstone and creamware. Around 1881, they produced this stoneware commemorative plate featuring a silhouette of President Garfield surrounded by an ivy leaf border.  A successful pottery manufacturer well into the late 19th century, the Burford brothers ultimately sold their company to East Liverpool's Standard Pottery Company in 1905.

Adams & Company Glass Plate, 1881

Similarly, this pressed-glass plate was produced in 1881 and boasts a portrait of President Garfield under the words “Memorial.”  Manufactured in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, by Adams & Company, this commemorative plate was designed by local glass artist James Campbell.  Often referred to as “Adams Glass,” Adams & Company was founded by Pennsylvania glassmaker John Adams and was well-known in the late 19th century for producing glass tableware and jelly tumblers.

To see more objects relating to President James Garfield, or to learn about other Ohio-born presidents, please visit the Ohio History Connection's website at https://www.ohiohistory.org/research/museum-collections/history-collection and search the museum collection online catalog.

References

Cole, Heather S. 2024. Ohio's Presidents: A History & Guide. History Press, Charleston

Goodyear, C. W. 2023. President Garfield: From Radical to Unifier. Simon & Schuster, New York

Hawkins, Jay W. 2009. Glasshouses & Glass Manufacturers of the Pittsburgh Region, 1795-1910. iUniverse, Inc., New York

Knittle, Rhea Mansfield. 1927. Early American Glass. Appleton-Century, New York

McKearin, Helen and George McKearin 1941 American Glass. Crown Publishers, New York

Revi, Albert Christian. 1964. American Pressed Glass and Figure Bottles.  Thomas Nelson & Sons, Nashville

Thomas, Dale. 2009. Ohio Presidents: A Whig and Seven Republicans. Arcadia Publishing. Mount Pleasant, SC

Welker, John and Elizabeth Welker. 1985. Pressed Glass in America: Encyclopedia of the First Hundred Years, 1825-1925. Antique Acres Press, Ivyland, PA

 

 

 

 

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